Goldman Sachs: Remain optimistic about the outlook of the refining industry; Valero Energy (VLO.US), Marathon Petroleum (MPC.US), HF Sinclair (DINO.US) are top picks

According to data from the Central Bank of Russia, in September, retail investments in Russian corporate bonds increased by approximately 158 billion rubles, with asset-backed securities accounting for nearly half of this amount. That month, the issuance scale of such securities reached a record high of about 479 billion rubles. Retail investors also continued allocating funds to money market exchange-traded funds. In contrast, stock purchases fell to their lowest level since January 2026. In the Russian market in September, stocks of oil and gas enterprises and IT companies were the most profitable. Over a 12-month period, corporate bonds, money market instruments, and ruble deposits generated the highest total returns. The focus going forward is whether the trend of retail funds favoring fixed income and money market instruments will continue, and if the sluggish stock buying will see a turnaround.

According to Zhitong Finance APP, amid escalating conflict in Iran leading to turmoil in global financial markets, soaring oil prices, and ongoing geopolitical uncertainty, two enterprise software companies have maintained independent momentum in the market.

According to Jinse Finance, SpaceX (SPCX.US), the "AI + Space Exploration" leader founded and led by Elon Musk with a market capitalization exceeding 2 trillions USD, plans a major acquisition of a nationwide 800MHz spectrum portfolio in the United States from Grain Management, involving up to 14MHz paired spectrum. This marks a key step toward becoming a comprehensive mobile communications operator. This significant transaction initiated by SpaceX is still pending approval from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Media reports citing insiders reveal that the deal is valued at approximately 8 billions USD. The market has subsequently reassessed the competitive barriers for traditional telecom operators. America's three leading operators—AT&T, Verizon, and T-Mobile—saw their shares quickly decline in after-hours US stock trading on Thursday, with AT&T, which in recent years has explicitly refused to cooperate with SpaceX, seeing its share price drop by about 6% at one point.

The European Central Bank stated that no funds were borrowed through the overnight lending facility, and the current deposit volume stands at 1,960.08 billion euros.